Property

PROPERTY

·         Classification (according to mobility):

1.    Immovable – real property

2.    Movable – personal property

·         Requisites:

1.    Utility

2.    Individuality/Substantivity

3.    Susceptibility of appropriation

·         Real Rights

1.    no passive subject – claim against whole world

2.    object is corporeal thing (obligation)

3.    creates juridical relations through mode & title

4.    extinguished through loss or destruction of thing

Ø  e.g. Registration

Ø  Real rights arises from (OPLUMEPARP)

1.    Ownership                         6) Easement

2.    Possession                        7) Pledge

3.    Lease                                8) Antichresis

4.    Usufruct                            9) Redemption

5.    Mortgage                           10) Preemption

·         Personal Rights

1.    Passive and active subject

2.    Object is an intangible thing (specific thing)

3.    Creates juridical relations through title

4.    Not extinguished through loss or destruction of thing

Ø  E.g. Action to recover sum of money or debt

·         Immovable property

1.   By nature – cannot be moved from place to place because of their nature

      a) land, buildings & all kinds of constructions adhered to soil

      b) mine, quarries

2.    By incorporation – essentially movables but attached to an immovable that it becomes an integral part of it

a)    trees, plants & growing fruits adhered to soil

b)    everything attached to an immovable that it will break if separated

c)    statues, paintings if intended by owner to be integral part of immovable

d)    animal houses if intended by owner to become permanently attached to immovable

3.    By destination – movables but purpose is to partake of an integral part of an immovable

a)    machinery placed by owner of the tenement & tend directly to meet the needs of such works/industry

b)    fertilizers – when applied to soil

c)    docks & floating structures

4.    By analogy/by law – contracts for public works, servitude & other real rights over immovable property

·         Movable property

1.    susceptible of appropriation that are not included in enumeration in immovable

2.    immovable that are designated as movable by special provision of law

3.    forces of nature brought under control by science

4.    things w/c can be transported w/o impairment of real property where they are fixed

5.    obligations which involve demandable sums (credits)

6.    shares of stocks of agricultural, commercial & industrial entities although they may have real estate

·         Classification of Movables

1.    consumable – cannot be utilized w/o being consumed

2.    non-consumable

·         Classification of Property (according to ownership):

1.    Public dominion –

a)    intended for public use

b)    intended for public service of state, provinces, cities & municipalities

Ø  Characteristics:

a)    outside the commerce of men – cannot be alienated or leased

b)    cannot be acquired by private individual through prescription

c)    not subject to attachment & execution

d)    cannot be burdened by voluntary easement

2.    Private Ownership –

a)    patrimonial property of state, provinces, cities, municipalities

1.    exist for attaining economic ends of state

2.    property of public dominion when no longer intended for public use/service – declared patrimonial

b)    property belonging to private persons – individually or collectively